![]() It has no electric charge and a rest mass equal to 1.67493 × 10−27 kg-marginally greater than that of the proton but nearly 1839 times greater than that of the electron. In the universe, neutrons are abundant, making up more than half of all visible matter. ![]() 133Cs is the most common isotope, having a natural abundance of approximately 100%.Ĭaesium-133 is composed of 55 protons, 78 neutrons, and 55 electrons.Ĭaesium-135 is composed of 55 protons, 80 neutrons, and 55 electrons.Ī neutron is one of the subatomic particles that make up matter. 135Cs is very slightly radioactive, decaying by beta decay with a half-life of 2.3×10 6 years and occurs only in traces. Main Isotopes of CaesiumĬaesium occurs in 2 natural isotopes: 133Cs and 135Cs. Mass numbers of typical isotopes of Caesium are 78. Isotopes are nuclides that have the same atomic number and are therefore the same element, but differ in the number of neutrons. The difference between the neutron number and the atomic number is known as the neutron excess: D = N – Z = A – 2Z.įor stable elements, there is usually a variety of stable isotopes. Neutron number plus atomic number equals atomic mass number: N+Z=A. The total number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is called the neutron number of the atom and is given the symbol N. The total electrical charge of the nucleus is therefore +Ze, where e (elementary charge) equals to 1,602 x 10 -19 coulombs. Total number of protons in the nucleus is called the atomic number of the atom and is given the symbol Z. The price of cesium compounds is much lower.Caesium is a chemical element with atomic number 55 which means there are 55 protons in its nucleus. As of 2009, the price of 99.8% pure cesium metal was around $10 per gram or $280 per ounce.Another rich source of pollucite is the Karibib Desert in Namibia. One of the richest sources of pollucite, an ore that contains cesium, is the Tanco Mine at Bernic Lake in Manitoba, Canada. Cesium is estimated to be present at an abundance of 1 to 3 parts per million in the Earth's crust, which is a fairly average abundance for a chemical element.Calcium metal may be combined with fused cesium chloride or electric current may be passed through a molten cesium compound. There are two methods used to prepare pure cesium.Nonradioactive cesium and its compounds are used for infrared flares, to make specialty glasses, and in beer brewing. The isotope Cs-137 is used in cancer treatments, to irradiate foods, and as a tracer for drilling fluids in the petroleum industry. Cesium is used in atomic clocks, photoelectric cells, as a catalyst to hydrogenate organic compounds, and as a 'getter' in vacuum tubes.Radioactive cesium presents a health hazard because of the radioactivity, not chemistry. Non-radioactive cesium is not a nutritional requirement for plants or animals, but it's not particularly toxic, either.Some radioisotopes are produced in nature by slow neutron capture within old stars or by the R-process in supernovae. Numerous artificial radioactive isotopes have been produced. Only one stable isotope of cesium occurs naturally - cesium-133.Francium is the most electronegative element according to the Pauling scale. According to the Allen scale of electronegativity, cesium is the most electronegative element. For all practical purposes, cesium is the most reactive metal known to man. Although francium is predicted to be more reactive than cesium, based on its location on the periodic table, so little of the element has been produced no one knows for sure.Cesium is the most alkaline of the elements and reacts explosively with water to produce cesium hydroxide (CsOH), a strong base that can eat through glass. The reaction with water is much more violent and energetic than the reaction between water and other alkali metals (e.g., sodium or lithium). Otherwise, the element would react with air or water. Samples of cesium are kept in sealed containers, under an inert liquid or gas or in a vacuum.Although the official IUPAC name for the element is cesium, several countries, including England, retain the original Latin spelling of the element: caesium.This refers to the color of the line in the spectrum the chemists saw that tipped them off about the new element. The name for the element comes from the Latin word "caesius", which means "sky blue". German chemists Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff discovered cesium in 1860 when analyzing the spectrum of mineral water.Although not a liquid at room temperature, if you hold a vial containing cesium in your hand, your body heat will melt the element into its liquid form, which resembles pale liquid gold.It is not as yellow as high-karat gold but has a warm color Gold is often listed as the only yellow-colored element.
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